The words “Stage 4 knee osteoarthritis” can make your heart sink. At least, that was how I felt. The moment you hear Stage 4 , your brain can very quickly jump to one conclusion: “Oh no… does this mean I need a knee replacement?” And if you are anything like me, you probably do what most of us do next. You ask Ai Then you Ai some more. And suddenly you're reading about bone-on-bone knees, total knee replacement, implants, recovery time, walking after surgery, complications… Hello anxiety. But here's something important I learned: Stage 4 knee osteoarthritis does NOT automatically mean you need a knee replacement immediately. Stage 4 generally refers to very advanced changes seen on imaging, often described as severe or end-stage osteoarthritis. But an X-ray is not the whole person. Your symptoms, pain, mobility, daily activities, physical function and how well other treatments are working all matter when doctors consider whether knee replacement is appropriate. And honestly...
In general, most people are advised to start using retinol in their mid-20s. Why do we need retinol for our skin? Well, this is because collagen and elastin production starts to slow down. Adding retinol into our skincare routine at age of 25 to 30 is the perfect time to slow down the ageing process. So, what is retinol that people are hyping about? In short, retinol is a topical product containing a vitamin A derivative. Technically speaking a type of retinoid which works to increase collagen production. It helps to treat acne, and blackheads and is also ideal to improve skincare texture such as minimising fine lines, and wrinkles and brightening dull skin. Personally, I am a beginner in adding Retinol into my skincare routine. At the age of 47 years old. I guess, am afraid to start one because I read many side effects if use it wrong. What is the side effect if you use retinol wrong? Retinols can increase your skin's sensitivity to sunlight. So, it is advisable to apply th...